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White Hair (Pawhuska) is the English name of several Osage Indian leaders in the eighteenth and nineteenth century. ==White Hair I== The first White Hair, Paw-Hiu-Skah, Pahuska, or Pawhuska, was born about 1763 and died about 1809.〔http://www.rarenewspapers.com/view/546409, accessed Aug 10, 2010〕 The town of Pawhuska, Oklahoma is named for him. He was the chief of the Thorny-Valley People, a division of the Osage people.〔May, Jon D. "Pawhuska." ''Oklahoma Historical Society's Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture''. (retrieved 30 Jan 2010)〕 In 1791, Pawhuska is reputed to have fought against American troops in Ohio under Arthur St. Clair.〔DuVal, Kathleen. ''The native ground: Indians and colonists in the heart of the continent''. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2006. ISBN 978-0-8122-3918-8, p. 173〕 During the battle, the worst defeat ever suffered by U.S. forces against Indians, Pawhuska attempted to scalp a fallen officer but the man's powdered wig came off in Pawhuska’s hand. In the ensuing confusion, the officer escaped. The chief was impressed by how the wig protected its original wearer, so he kept it for the rest of his life and became known as White Hair.〔"The Chouteaus: Their Contributions to the History of the West." Chronicles of Oklahoma. Vol. 11, No. 3: 950. Sept 1933 (retrieved 30 Jan 2010)〕 In the late eighteenth century the Osage were a powerful tribe on the Western prairies with an empire that reached south from the Missouri River to the Red River. Pawhuska was the most prominent chief and had the closest relationships with French traders, especially the powerful Chouteau family which operated under the rule of the Spanish government. The Osage frequently had skirmishes and battles with the Spanish and other Indian tribes. However, internal dissention weakened the Osage as they split into three main groups. In 1796, the group headed by Clermont (Claremore) and Pawhuska settled near Jean Pierre Chouteau's trading post on the Verdigris River in Indian Territory〔"The Chouteaus: Their Contributions to the History of the West." ''Chronicles of Oklahoma''. Vol. 11, No. 3: 950. Sept 1933 (retrieved 30 Jan 2010)〕 In 1800, the Marqués de Casa Calvo, newly appointed governor of Louisiana accused Osages of stealing from and murdering non-Natives and encouraged Pawhuska and his band of Osages to fight the rest of the Osages. Pawhuska refused.〔Jones, Jr., Jenk. "Osage County History." 2003 (retrieved 30 Jan 2010)〕 One of Pawhuska’s daughters married Kaw chief White Plume and thus established a lasting peace between the Osage and Kaw. Many present day Kaw Indians can trace their ancestry back to White Plume and Pawhuska. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「White Hair」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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